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Write Spec — Product Management Plugin

所属插件:Product Management · 来源:Anthropic knowledge-work-plugins · 兼容:Cowork + Claude Code


概述

Write Spec 技能用于从问题陈述或功能想法出发,生成结构化的 Feature Spec 或 PRD(Product Requirements Document,产品需求文档)。它解决了产品经理最核心的挑战:将模糊的想法转化为团队可执行的结构化文档,包含清晰的问题定义、目标和边界、用户故事、需求优先级、成功度量和验收标准。通过 MoSCoW 框架和 Scope Management(范围管理)机制,帮助 PM 在文档阶段就预防范围蔓延。


基本信息

属性
技能名称write-spec
插件Product Management
触发方式slash command
Slash 命令/write-spec
用户可调用
官方源码GitHub

触发短语

  • "Write a spec for [feature]"
  • "Create a PRD for [problem]"
  • "Spec out [idea]"
  • "Draft requirements for [feature]"

架构设计

+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                      WRITE SPEC                                     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  STANDALONE (always works)                                        |
|  +  Problem Definition (用户问题、受众、不解决的代价)              |
|  +  Goals & Non-Goals (3-5 个可衡量的目标和明确排除项)            |
|  +  User Stories (标准格式,按角色分组,含边界情况)               |
|  +  Requirements Categorization (MoSCoW: P0/P1/P2)               |
|  +  Success Metrics (Leading + Lagging Indicators)                |
|  +  Acceptance Criteria (Given/When/Then 格式)                    |
|  +  Scope Management (范围蔓延预防机制)                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  SUPERCHARGED (when MCP connectors are available)                 |
|  +  ~~project tracker: 搜索相关工单、史诗和已有需求               |
|  +  ~~knowledge base: 搜索研究文档、历史规格和设计文档            |
|  +  ~~design (Figma): 拉取相关设计稿和组件库                      |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+

核心能力

1. 需求分类与优先级(Requirements Categorization - MoSCoW)

使用 MoSCoW 框架对需求进行分级,确保团队聚焦于最核心的功能。

优先级定义判断标准占比建议
Must-Have (P0)没有这些功能,特性不可用"如果砍掉这个,特性还能解决核心问题吗?"30-40%
Should-Have (P1)重要但不阻塞发布核心功能可用后的高优先级迭代20-30%
Could-Have (P2)有时间再做期望但不承诺15-20%
Won't-Have (本次不做)明确排除记录在案防止未来被误认为遗漏10-15%

2. 用户故事编写(User Story Writing)

生成符合 INVEST 原则的用户故事:Independent(独立)、Negotiable(可协商)、Valuable(有价值)、Estimable(可估算)、Small(够小)、Testable(可测试)。

用户故事要素正确示例常见错误
用户角色"As a team admin""As a user"(太泛)
能力描述"I want to configure SSO for my organization""I want a dropdown menu"(方案导向)
价值说明"so that my team members can log in with their corporate credentials""so that I can click a button"(无价值)
粒度控制单个用户故事可在 1 个 sprint 完成"As a user, I want to manage my team"(太大)

3. 成功度量定义(Success Metrics Definition)

区分 Leading Indicators(领先指标)和 Lagging Indicators(滞后指标),并设定具体的成功阈值。

指标类型示例变化速度目标设定
Leading(领先)Adoption rate, Activation rate, Task completion rate天到周"50% adoption within 30 days"
Lagging(滞后)Retention impact, Revenue impact, NPS change周到月"Improve 30-day retention by 5%"

输出格式

markdown
## PRD: [Feature Name]

### Problem Statement
[2-3 句描述用户问题、受影响的用户群体、不解决的代价]

### Goals
1. [可衡量的目标 1]
2. [可衡量的目标 2]

### Non-Goals
1. [明确排除项 1] — [排除理由]
2. [明确排除项 2] — [排除理由]

### User Stories
- As a [用户类型], I want [能力] so that [价值]

### Requirements
**Must-Have (P0)**
- [需求描述] — [验收标准]

**Nice-to-Have (P1)**
- [需求描述]

**Future (P2)**
- [需求描述]

### Success Metrics
- Leading: [指标] — [目标值]
- Lagging: [指标] — [目标值]

### Open Questions
- [问题] — [需要谁来回答]

### Timeline Considerations
- [硬性截止日期、依赖关系、分阶段建议]

使用场景与案例

场景一:从问题陈述到完整 PRD

输入:产品经理说 "Enterprise customers keep asking for centralized auth. We need SSO support."

Write Spec 输出(经过对话式需求收集后):

## PRD: Single Sign-On (SSO) Support

### Problem Statement
Enterprise customers with 50+ users are increasingly requiring SSO as a condition for purchase.
Our sales team reports that 40% of enterprise deals in Q1 were delayed or lost due to the lack
of SSO. Without this feature, we are losing revenue and cannot compete with established
enterprise vendors.

### Goals
1. Enable SSO login for all enterprise plan customers within 6 weeks
2. Support SAML 2.0 and OIDC protocols at launch
3. Achieve 80% adoption among existing enterprise customers within 90 days

### Non-Goals
1. SCIM provisioning — out of scope for v1, will address in Q3
2. Custom SAML attribute mapping — standard attributes only for initial release
3. Social login (Google/GitHub) via SSO — separate initiative

### User Stories
- As a team admin, I want to configure SSO for my organization so that my team members
  can log in with their corporate credentials
- As a team member, I want to be automatically redirected to my company's SSO login
  so that I do not need to remember a separate password

### Requirements (Must-Have P0)
- Admin can enter SSO provider URL in organization settings
- Team members see "Log in with SSO" button on login page
- Failed SSO attempts show a clear error message

### Success Metrics
- Leading: 60% of enterprise customers configure SSO within 30 days of launch
- Lagging: Enterprise deal close rate improves from 60% to 80%

### Open Questions
- [Legal] Do we need to support data residency requirements for EU customers? — Legal

关键价值:产品经理无需从空白页面开始构思 PRD。系统通过对话式需求收集逐步完善文档,确保每个必要部分都被覆盖,同时通过 Non-Goals 明确界定范围。

场景二:范围蔓延预防

输入:在 PRD 评审会议上,有利益相关者说 "既然做 SSO,顺便把 SCIM provisioning 也做了吧"

Write Spec 应对:系统通过 PRD 中已明确的 Non-Goals 提供防御:

  • Non-Goal: "SCIM provisioning — out of scope for v1, will address in Q3"
  • 如果强行加入,系统会提示容量影响:"Adding SCIM would extend the timeline by 4-6 weeks. Would you like to move a P0 item to P1 to accommodate?"

关键价值:Non-Goals 是范围管理的核心工具。在文档阶段就明确排除项,可以避免在开发阶段被不断新增的需求拖垮。


与其他工具对比

维度Write Spec (本技能)Notion AI (PRD 模板)Productboard手动编写
需求收集方式对话式逐步引导,先问最重要的问题模板填空基于用户反馈和记分卡完全依赖 PM 经验
优先级框架内置 MoSCoW 框架,含判断标准无内置框架自定义评分模型取决于 PM 熟悉的框架
用户故事质量INVEST 原则检查 + 反模式检测基础模板链接到用户反馈取决于 PM 写作能力
成功度量区分领先/滞后指标,含目标设定引导关联 OKR 和指标取决于 PM 的数据素养
范围管理Non-Goals + 范围蔓延预防机制优先级排序功能需人工维护
连接器集成项目跟踪器、知识库、设计工具Notion 内部集成深度反馈集成

连接工具后的增强能力

MCP 连接增强能力
~~project tracker (Linear/Asana)搜索相关工单、史诗和已有需求;识别对其他工作项的依赖
~~knowledge base搜索研究文档、历史 PRD 和设计文档;引用相关用户研究发现
~~design (Figma)拉取相关设计稿、线框图和设计探索;搜索设计系统组件

最佳实践

  1. 对范围要有明确立场:一个紧凑、定义清晰的 PRD 远胜于一个膨胀、模糊的 PRD。如果 PM 的想法太大,建议拆分为多个阶段,只对第一阶段进行详细规格说明。

  2. Non-Goals 和 Goals 同样重要:Non-Goals 是范围蔓延的第一道防线。为每个排除项注明理由("不够影响大"、"太复杂"、"属于独立项目"、"时机不成熟"),这样在评审时经得起质疑。

  3. 验收标准覆盖快乐路径、错误路径和边界情况:使用 Given/When/Then 格式编写验收标准,确保开发、测试和产品三方对"完成"的定义一致。

  4. P0 要足够少:如果所有需求都是 P0,那就没有 P0。对每个 Must-Have 提出挑战:"如果没有这个,我们真的不能发布吗?" 越严格的 P0 筛选意味着越快的交付和学习。

  5. 开放问题要真正开放:不要包含那些可以从上下文中回答的问题。标注每个问题需要谁来回答(工程、设计、法务、数据),并区分阻塞性(必须在开发前回答)和非阻塞性(可在开发过程中解决)。


参考链接

Skills123.cc — AI Agent Skills 百科